Definitions
Get to know all the most important financial concepts and terms with our beginner-friendly definitions. From 10K to Z-Cash, find everything you need to know right here.
By:
Reviewed by
Idil Woodall
Idil is an SEO editor at Invezz. With experience as a writer, editor and translator in both…
read more.
Updated:
May 29, 2024
Ad disclosure
Invezz is an independent platform with the goal of helping users achieve financial freedom. In order to fund our work, we partner with advertisers who may pay to be displayed in certain positions on certain pages, or may compensate us for referring users to their services. While our reviews and assessments of each product are independent and unbiased, the order in which brands are presented and the placement of offers may be impacted and some of the links on this page may be affiliate links from which we earn a commission. The order in which products and services appear on Invezz does not represent an endorsement from us, and please be aware that there may be other platforms available to you than the products and services that appear on our website. Read more about how we make money >
Learn about the markets through our simple definitions of every term in the financial dictionary. Use the links below to read through them, or put your new knowledge to the test on the rest of the website, where you can learn how to make your first investment.
Definitions
Variable rate note'A' ordinary shares'Cum' dividend and 'ex' dividend1% Risk Rule100 per cent gold backing2008 Financial Crisis and Stock Crash2010 Flash Crash2015 Flash Crash401(K)52-week rangeA prioriAAA RatingAbacusAbatementAbility to payAbnormal obsolescenceAbove parAbove the lineAbsolute advantageAbsolute Breadth Index (ABI)
AbsorptionAbstinence theory of interestAbuse of dominant positionAccelerated bookbuildAccelerated depreciationAcceleration principleAccelerator coefficientAccelerator-multiplier modelAcceptanceAcceptance regionAcceptance supra protestAccepting houseAcceptorAccommodation billAccommodatory monetary policyAccount daysAccount payeeAccount statedAccountantAccounting for inflationAccounting periodAccounting principlesAccounting profitAccounting ratiosAccounting recordsAccounting standardsAccountsAccounts payableAccounts receivableAccredited InvestorAccrual rateAccrued chargesAccrued expensesAccrued interestAccumulated depreciationAccumulating ordinary sharesAccumulation/distribution lineAcquisition (company)Acquisitions approachAct of bankruptcy Act of GodActive InvestingActive labour market policiesActive partnerActive stockActively managed ETFActual total lossActuarial assumptionActuaryAd referendumAd valoremAd valorem taxAdam SmithAdaptive expectationsAdded valueAdjustable long term putable securityAdjusted Closing PriceAdjustmentAdjustment costsAdjustment programmeAdministered pricesAdministrationAdministration expensesAdoptionAdvance corporation taxAdvanced countriesAdverse balanceAdverse selectionAdverse supply shockAfrican Development BankAGAge-dependency ratioAge-earnings profile?Agency bills?AgendaAgglomeration economiesAggregate dataAggregate demandAggregate demand scheduleAggregate savingAggregate supplyAggregationAgricultural Credit Corporation Ltd (A.C.C.) – UKAgricultural Mortgage Corporation LtdAir transport insuranceAlban William Housego Phillips (1914-75)Allais paradoxAllocaturAllongeAllotment letterAllotment of sharesAlmon distributed lagAlpha StocksAlteration of ChequeAlternate directorAlternative accounting rules (UK)AmalgamationAmerican depository receipt (A.D.R.)American Economic Association (AEA)AmortizationAnalysis of varianceAnalystAndean PactAnimal spiritsAnnouncement effectAnnual accountsAnnual chargesAnnual general meeting (A.G.M.)Annual reportAnnual returnAnnual valueAnnualized growth rateAnnuitantAnnuityAnnuity factorAnnuity payment - future valueAnnuity rateAnomaliesAnti-trust lawsAntonio SerraApplication for sharesApplied microeconomicsAppreciationAppropriation accountAppropriation billAppropriation of paymentsArbitrageArbitrage pricing theory (APT)ArbitrageurArbitrationArithmetic meanArithmetic progressionArm’s-length priceArrearsArrears of dividendsArrow-Debreu economyArrow-Debreu state priceArrow’s impossibility theoremArthur Cecil Pigou (1877-1959)Articles of associationAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)Asian crisisAsian Development Bank (A.D.B.)Assessable profitsAsset motiveAsset pricesAsset strippingAsset valueAsset-backed securityAssetsAssets circulatingAssets turnover ratioAssignmentAssociated companyAssociation of British Insurers (ABI)Association of South East Asian Nations (A.S.E.A.N.)AssuranceAsymmetric informationAsymmetric shocksAsymptotic distributionAsymptotic theoryAtkinson indexAtomistic competitionAttachmentAuctionAuditAuditorAuditor of appointmen tAuditor of removalAuditor's reportAuditors and third partiesAusterity measuresAustrian schoolAutarchyAuthorized capitalAuthorized depositoryAutonomous consumptionAutonomous investmentAutonomous pension fundsAutoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) modelAutoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA (p,q,d)) modelAutoregressive processAverage clauseAverage collection periodAverage costAverage cost pricingAverage due dateAverage price levelAverage productivityAverage propensity to consume (A.P.C.)Average propensity to save (A.P.S.)Average revenueAverage True Range (ATR)AveragingAverch-Johnson effectAvoidable costsAvoidanceAxiomBack doorBack dutyBack to back creditBackward inductionBackward integrationBackward-bending supply curveBackwardationBad bankBad debt provisionBad debtsBad money drives out goodBalance of paymentsBalance sheetBalance-of-payments crisisBalanced budgetBalanced budget amendmentBalanced budget multiplierBalanced growthBalanced growth pathBalances with the Bank of EnglandBalancing itemBaltic ExchangeBaltic Free Trade AgreementBaltic International Freight Futures Exchange (BIFFEX)Banco del SurBancorBank accountBank advanceBank billBank chargesBank depositsBank draftBank for International Settlements (BIS)Bank giro (UK)Bank loanBank loans and overdrafts, disclosure ofBank noteBank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI)Bank overdraftBank rateBank reconciliationBank regulationBank runBank savings accountBank statementBank: open credit facilitiesBanker's chequeBanker's draftBanker's guaranteeBanker's revocation of authority to pay chequesBankers Automated Credit System (BACS)BankingBanking and Currency schoolsBanking systemBankrupt shareholderBankruptcyBankruptcy adjudicationBankruptcy application for dischargeBankruptcy arrest of debtorBankruptcy committee of inspectionBankruptcy composition and arrangementsBankruptcy creditors' first meetingBankruptcy debtor's propertyBankruptcy duties of debtorBankruptcy effect of dischargeBankruptcy offencesBankruptcy partnersBankruptcy payment of dividendsBankruptcy petitionBankruptcy proof of debtsBankruptcy provable debtsBankruptcy public examinationBankruptcy set-offBankruptcy statement of affairsBankruptcy summary administrationBankruptcy trusteeBankruptcy unclaimed funds and dividendsBargainBargaining theory of wagesBarriers to entryBarriers to exitBarterBarter economyBaseBase dateBase Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)Base periodBase rateBase-weighted indexBasel AgreementBasel IIBaselineBasic accounting formulaBasic rateBasing-point pricing systemBasis pointBatch productionBaumors lawBayes theoremBayesian econometricsBayesian inferenceBBBBearBear marketBear securitiesBear slideBearer bondsBefore-tax incomeBehavioural assumptionBehavioural economicsBehavioural theory of the firmBeneficial interestBeneficial ownerBenefit in kindBenefit principleBenefits systemBeneluxBertrand competitionBeta stocksBetterment levy (UK)Between-groups estimatorBeveridge curveBeveridge report (UK)Bid-ask spread (bid-offer spread)Big four banksBig Mac indexBig pushBilateral flowBilateral monopolyBilateral tradeBilateralismBillBill brokerBill of exchangeBill of exchange dishonourBill of exchange stampingBill of ladingBill of saleBill of sale, absoluteBill of sale, conditionalBills in a setBills payableBills receivableBiodiversity indexBlack economyBlack marketBlack SwanBlack-Scholes equationBlank billBlank chequeBlank creditBlank transferBlanket policyBlockchainBlocked accountBlue bookBlue chip investmentBlue-chip stockBoard of directorsBoard of Trade (UK)Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA)Bollinger BandsBolton CommitteeBombay Stock Exchange (BSE)Bona fide. 'In good faith'Bona vacantiaBondBond noteBond-rating agencyBond-washingBonded goodsBonded vaultsBonusBoodleBook valueBook-keepingBooks of accountBooks of prime entryBoomBootstrapBorda countBorrowingBottleneckBottom lineBounded rationalityBox-Jenkins approachBoycottBP curveBradburysBrady PlanBranch bankingBrand loyaltyBrand recognitionBranded goodsBrassage mintageBreach of warranty of authorityBreak even anlysisBreak-even chartBreak-up valueBreakoutBreitung testBretton Woods AgreementBrexitBribeBridgepointBridging loanBRIGSBritish Bankers AssociationBritish Insurance Brokers AssociationBritish Overseas Trade BoardBritish Savings BondsBroad moneyBrokerBrussels Conference (1920)BubbleBubble companyBucket shopBudgetBudget accountBudget constraintBudget controllerBudget lineBudget yearBudgetary controlBuffer stockBuilding and loan associationBuilding societiesBuilt-in obsolescenceBuilt-in stabilizersBullBull marketBullionBullion marketBundesbankBundle of goodsBundlingBureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)Burglary insuranceBusinessBusiness ethicsBusiness Expansion SchemeBusiness finance (UK)Business savingBusiness Statistics Office (B.S.O.) UKBuy-outBuyerBuyer concentrationBuyer’s marketBuyers overBuying inBy-productBygonesCabotageCairns GroupCalendar effectsCall moneyCall optionCalled-up capitalCallsCalvo contractCambridge equationCambridge schoolCandlestick chartCandlestick continuationCandlestick reversalCannibalizationCantillon, Richard (1680,-1734)CapacityCapacity utilizationCapacity utilization rateCapitalCapital accumulationCapital adequacyCapital allowances (UK)Capital appreciationCapital asset pricing modelCapital budgetingCapital chargesCapital clauseCapital commitmentsCapital consumptionCapital deepeningCapital employedCapital expenditureCapital flightCapital formationCapital gainCapital Gains TaxCapital Gains Tax (UK)Capital gearingCapital goodsCapital injectionsCapital intensityCapital issuesCapital Issues Committee (C.I.C.)Capital levyCapital lossCapital marketCapital mobilityCapital profit (UK)Capital ratioCapital re-switchingCapital redemption reserve fundCapital reservesCapital stockCapital stock adjustmentCapital structureCapital theoryCapital transfer tax (UK)Capital transfersCapital wideningCapital-intensiveCapital-labour ratioCapital-output ratioCapital: serious lossCapitalismCapitalizationCapitalized ratiosCapitalized valueCapitulationCar taxCaratCarbon footprintCarbon taxCardinal utilityCareer average schemeCaribbean Common MarketCaribbean Development BankCarry forward lossesCarry tradeCarry-over dayCartelCascade taxCase of needCashCash bookCash coverage ratioCash discountCash dispenser (ATM)Cash flowCash flow statementCash limitsCash priceCash ratioCashierCashless economyCasting voteCatastrophic lossCatch-upCategorical variableCecchini ReportCeiling priceCensusCentral American Common MarketCentral bank independenceCentral Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)Central governmentCentral government borrowing requirement (C.G.B.R.).Central Limit Theorems (CLT)Central Office of Information (UK)Central planningCentral Statistical Office (UK)Central-bankCentre for inter-firm comparisonCertainty equivalentCertificate of incorporationCertificate of originCertificates of depositCertification of transferCesser of actionCeteris paribusChain price indexChain storeChairman of a companyChairman's reportChamber of tradeChambers of CommerceChancellor of the ExchequerChaos theoryChapter 11 bankruptcyChapters 12, 13Characteristics theoryChargeCharge accountChargeable gainCharges forwardCharging orderChartered accountantChartered Accountants Australia and New ZealandChartered Association of Certified Accountants Chartered companyChartist (U.S.)Cheap moneyCheck tradingChecking accountChequeCheque cardCheque crossingsCheques: endorsementCheques: protection of bankerCheques: returned to drawerChicago Board of TradeChicago BoysChicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)Chicago SchoolChief executiveChild benefitChild Tax CreditChina Development BankChinese Economic ReformChinese wallsChoses-in-actionChow testCircular flow of incomeCircular flow of income Circulating capitalCityCity Code on Take-overs and MergersClassical dichotomyClassical economicsClassical modelClassical schoolClassical theory of interestClassical unemploymentClayton ActClean technologyClearingClearing banks (UK)Clearing houseClearing, town and generalCliometricsClose companyClosed economyClosed shopClosed-end trust (U.S.)Closing priceCloud miningCluster analysisClusteringCME GroupCoase theoremCobweb theoremCoemptionCoinCoincidence of wantsCold callingCollateralCollateral agreementCollateralized debt obligation (CDO)Collective bargainingCollector of TaxesCollusionColombo PlanCommercial bankCommercial banksCommercial policyCommercial presenceCommissionCommitmentCommittee of inspectionCommittee on Payments and Market InfrastructureCommodityCommodity Credit Corporation (CCC)Commodity exchangeCommodity marketCommodity price indexCommon Agricultural PolicyCommon BudgetCommon carrierCommon marketCommon ownershipCommon prices systemCommon sharesCommon stockCommonwealth Development CorporationCommunity chargeCommunity indifference curveCompanies Acts (U.K.)Companies House UK & Northern IrelandCompanies: index of namesCompanies: purchase of own sharesCompanies: redeemable sharesCompanies: reduction of capitalCompany (UK)Company formation Company investigations Company lawCompany limited by guaranteeCompany limited by sharesCompany reservesCompany sealCompany, borrowing powers ofCompany, exempt privateCompany, name ofCompany, objects ofCompany: change of nameCompany: commencement of businessCompany: disclosure of interest in sharesCompany: registered numberCompany: winding-upCompany's liquidation accountComparative static equilibrium analysisCompensated demand (Hicksian demand)Compensating variationCompensating wage differentialCompensation for externalitiesCompensation for loss of officeCompensation principleCompetitionCompetition and Markets Authority (CMA)Competition policyCompetitive advantageCompetitive devaluationCompetitive EconomyCompetitive equilibriumCompetitive fringeCompetitive marketCompetitive tenderingComplementarityCompliance costsComposite demandCompound interestComprehensive insuranceComputable general equilibrium modelComputerized tradingConcentrationConcentration ratioConcentric mergerConcert party agreementsConditional cost of living indexConditional orderConditional sale agreementConfederation of British IndustryConfirming houseConglomerateConglomerate mergerConjectural variationConsequential lossConservative central bankerConservative social welfare functionConsignorConsolidated accountsConsolidated fundConsolidation of capitalConsolsConsortiumConstraintConstruction industryConsumerConsumer confidenceConsumer creditConsumer Credit Act 1974 (UK)Consumer debtConsumer durablesConsumer expenditureConsumer goodsConsumer non-durablesConsumer price index (CPI)Consumer rationalityConsumerismConsumers' expenditureConsumers' preferenceConsumers' sovereigntyConsumptionContagionContestable marketContingent assetContingent marketContingent valuationContinuous compoundingContinuous timeContract curveContract for difference (CFD)Contract noteContribution marginContributoryContributory pension schemeControl accountsControllerConvergence (economic)Convergence criteriaConversionConvertibilityConvertible bank-noteConvertible loan stockCoreCore inflationCornering the marketCorporate actionCorporate equityCorporate governanceCorporate planningCorporate raiderCorporate sectorCorporate social responsibilityCorporationCorporation tax (UK)CorrelationCorruption Perception IndexCostCost accountantCost accounting, costing and cost controlCost and freight (c. & f.)Cost and Management Accountants, Institute of (I.M.A.)Cost benefit analysisCost book mining companiesCost centreCost curvesCost effectivenessCost functionCost inflationCost minimizationCost of capital Cost of goods soldCost of protectionCost scheduleCost-plusCost-plus contractCost-push inflationCost-volume profit analysisCouncil for Mutual Economic Aid (Comecon)Council for the Securities IndustryCouncil of Economic AdvisersCouncil taxCounter-partyCounter-party credit riskCounter-tradeCounterfactual analysisCountervailing powerCounty court judgmentsCouponCournot competitionCovenantsCovered interest parityCowles FoundationCreative accountingCreative destructionCredibilityCreditCredit accountCredit accountCredit controlCredit creationCredit crunchCredit cycleCredit default swapCredit guaranteeCredit noteCredit ratingCredit rationingCredit squeezeCredit transferCredit unionCreditor nationCreditorsCreditworthinessCreeping inflationCross-holding (of shares)Crowding outCrypto debit cardCrypto walletCryptocurrencyCryptocurrency miningCum newCup with handleCupon paymentsCurrencyCurrency of a billCurrency PairCurrency pegCurrency reformCurrency riskCurrent accountCurrent assetsCurrent balanceCurrent cost accounting (C.C.A.)Current expenditureCurrent liabilitiesCurrent Population Survey (CPS)Current pricesCurrent ratioCut-throat competitionCuts in expenditureCyclical adjustmentCyclical stockCyclical unemploymentCyclically adjusted PSBRDamagesData miningData smoothingDavid Ricardo (1772-1823)Dawn raidDay tradingDay-to-day moneyDDDDead cat bounceDeadweight burden of taxesDear moneyDeath duty UKDebentures, Debenture StockDebentures, reissue ofDebitDebit noteDebtDebt burdenDebt collectingDebt crisisDebt deflationDebt for equityDebt managementDebt service ratioDebt to net income ratioDebt-to-equity ratioDebtorsDecentralised financeDecentralizationDecimal currencyDecimalizationDeclaration of solvencyDecreasing balance depreciationDeductibilityDeed of arrangementDeed of assignmentDeed of inspectorshipDeep discounted bondsDefence bonds (UK)Defensive stock Deferred annuityDeferred ordinary sharesDeferred rebateDeferred taxationDeficiency paymentDeficitDeficit financingDefined benefitDefined contributionDeflationDeflationary gapDefunct companyDeindustrializationDelors ReportDemandDemand curveDemand deposit (U.S.)Demand for labourDemand for moneyDemand functionDemand inflationDemand priceDemand-determined outputDemand-pull inflationDemographic transitionDemographic unemploymentDepartment of TradeDependency cultureDependent variableDepletable resourcesDepositDeposit accountDeposit insuranceDepreciation (Accounting)Depreciation (Economics)DepressionDeregulationDerivative (financial)Derived demandDesktop walletDestination principle of taxationDestructive competitionDeutschmarkDevaluationDeveloping countryDevelopment areasDevelopment economicsDevelopment land tax (UK)DeviationDiamond-Mirriees production efficiency lemmaDickey-Fuller (DF) testDifference in differencesDifferentiation, productDiffusion of innovationsDilutionDiminishing balance methodDiminishing marginal product, law ofDiminishing returns to scaleDiners ClubDirect debitsDirect expensesDirect investmentDirect sellingDirect taxationDirectorDirigismeDisabilities of bankrupt Disclaimer in bankruptcyDisclosure of information by a bankerDiscountDiscount (bills of exchange)Discount brokerDiscount marketDiscount rateDiscount windowDiscounted cash flowDiscounted cash flow (D.C.F.)Discounting backDiscounting the futureDiscrete choice modelsDiscrete random variableDiscrete timeDiscretionary policyDiscretionary spendingDiseconomyDisguised unemploymentDishoardingDisincentivesDisinflationDisintermediationDisinvestmentDisposable incomeDissavingDissentient: purchase of interestDistorted pricesDistortionsDistributable reservesDistributionsDistributive industryDistributorDisutilityDivergence indicatorDiversificationDivestmentDividendDividend controlDividend equalization accountDividend stockDividend tax (UK)Dividend warrantDivisia indexDivision of labourDoctrine of relation backDocumentary creditDollarDollar Cost AveragingDollar gapDollar premiumDollar standardDomestic Credit Expansion (D.C.E.)Domestic productDomestic ratesDominant firmDomino effectDormant companiesDotcom companyDouble bottomDouble countingDouble deflationDouble taxationDouble-dip recessionDoubling timeDow-Jones IndexDown paymentDownward-sloping demand curveDrawing rightsDrobisch price indexDual currency bondDual economyDumpingDuopolyDurable goodsDutch diseaseDynamic equilibriumDynamic inefficiencyDynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) modelDynamicsE-commerceEarly retirementEarned incomeEarning capacityEarningsEarnings functionEarnings per shareEarnings yieldEast Asian tigersEast India CompanyEasy fiscal policyEasy monetary policyEconometricsEconomic activityEconomic activity classificationEconomic and Social Research Council (ESRC)Economic Community of West African States (E.C.O.W.A.S.)Economic Cooperation Administration (E.C.A.)Economic developmentEconomic dynamicsEconomic efficiencyEconomic freedomEconomic geographyEconomic goodEconomic growthEconomic imperialismEconomic indicatorsEconomic manEconomic meltdownEconomic modelEconomic planningEconomic policyEconomic profitEconomic Recovery Tax Act of 1981Economic Report of the PresidentEconomic sanctionEconomic statisticsEconomic systemEconomic theoryEconomic unionEconomically active populationEconomicsEconomics of industrial organizationEconomies of scaleEconomies of scopeEconomyEdinburgh GazetteEffective demandEffective exchange rateEfficiency wagesEfficiency-equity trade-offEfficient allocationEfficient markets hypothesisElasticity of demandElectronic moneyElectronic tradingElementary price indexEligible paperEmbargoEmerging market and developing economiesEmissionsEmployee stock ownership plan (ESOP)Employees: loans for purchase of sharesEndogenous business cycleEndogenous growthEndogenous variableEndowmentEnergy stockEnergy taxEngel's lawEnronEnterpriseEnterprise allowance schemeEnterprise cultureEnterprise Investment Scheme (EIS)Enterprise zonesEntitlement programEntitlementsEntrepot tradeEntrepreneurEnvironmental economicsEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA)Environmental taxesEqual Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)Equal payEqualization grantEquation of international demandEquilibriumEquilibrium priceEquitable LienEquitiesEquity (financial definition)Equity capitalEquity Capital for lndustry (E.C.I.)Equity dilutionEscrowESGEstate agentEstate Duties Investment Trust (E.D.I.T.H.)Estate duty (UK)ETFEthical investingEU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS)Euler, Leonhard (1707-83)EuroEuro-bondsEuro-currenciesEuro-marketEurobarometerEurodollarsEuropean Banking AuthorityEuropean Central Bank (ECB)European CommissionEuropean currency snakeEuropean Currency Unit (E.C.U.)European Economic Community (EEC)European economic integrationEuropean Financial Stability Facility (EFSF)European Free Trade Association (E.F.T.A.)European Investment Bank (E.I.B.)European Monetary Agreement (E.M.A.)European Monetary InstituteEuropean Monetary System (E.M.S.)European Monetary Union (EMU)European Payments Union (E.P.U.)European Recovery ProgrammeEuropean Single MarketEuropean Stability Mechanism (ESM)European System of Central Banks (ESCB)European Union (EU)EurosystemEV/EBIT ratioEx anteEx newExchangeExchange controlExchange equalization accountExchange of sharesExchange rateExchange rate bandsExchange rate fluctuationsExchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)Exchange rate overshootingExchange rate regimeExchange risk guarantee schemeExchequerExcise dutyExecutive directorExercise priceExistence of equilibriumExit priceExogenous expectationsExogenous variableExoticsExpectations-augmented Phillips curveExpected inflationExpected valueExpenditureExpenditure changingExpenditure methodExpenditure switchingExpenditure taxExpenditure-based deflatorExperimental economicsExponential smoothingExport houseExport incentivesExport multiplierExport promotionExport rebate schemeExport subsidyExport-Import BankExport-led growthExportablesExportsExposure to riskExtensive marginExternal balanceExternal deficitExternal diseconomies of scaleExternal economies of scaleExternalitiesExtractive industryExtrapolative expectationsFace valueFactor costFactor endowmentFactoringFair rate of returnFair Trading Act 1973FairnessFalling rate of profitFamily allowanceFan chartFarm Credit System (FCS)Feasible setFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)Federal fiscal systemFederal reserve systemFederal Trade Commission (FTC)Fellow subsidiariesFiat moneyFictitious assetsFidelity guaranteeFiduciary issueFinal accountsFinal salary schemeFinanceFinance ActFinance Corporation for Industry LtdFinance houseFinance Houses AssociationFinancial accountantFinancial analysisFinancial assetsFinancial Conduct Authority (UK)Financial deregulationFinancial economicsFinancial futures - Finansleksikonet SverigeFinancial healthFinancial innovationFinancial intermediariesFinancial marketsFinancial planningFinancial Policy Committee (FPC)Financial ratiosFinancial repressionFinancial sectorFinancial Service AuthorityFinancial Services ActFinancial soundness indicatorsFinancial stockFinancial TimesFinancial Times Actuaries Ail-Share IndexFinancial Times Actuaries Share lndicesFinancial Times Industrial Ordinary Share Index (F.T. Index)Financial Times Share IndexesFinancial Times-Stock Exchange 100 Share Index (FT-SE 100, Footsie)Financial yearFinancierFine billFine trade billFine tuningFinite sample distribution (of a statistic)FirmFirm objectiveFirm-specific human capitalFirst class paperFirst in first out (F.I.F.O.)First-best allocationsFirst-degree price discriminationFirst-mover advantageFiscal dragFiscal federalismFiscal illusionFiscal neutralityFiscal policyFiscal stanceFiscal stimulusFiscal yearFisher effectFive-year plan(s)Fixed assetsFixed chargeFixed coefficient production functionFixed costsFixed effectsFixed exchange rateFixed factorsFixed interest securitiesFixed investmentFixed trustsFixpriceFlag carrierFlat BaseFlat yieldFlexible trustFlexpriceFlight from moneyFloating assetsFloating capitalFloating chargeFloating debenturesFloating debtFloating policyFloorFloor priceFloor traderFlotationFlow chartFood and Agricultural Organization (F.A.O.)Footloose industryFor the accountForbearanceForced savingForecastForeclosureForeign aidForeign bill of exchangeForeign billsForeign currency-denominated borrowingForeign direct investmentForeign exchangeForeign exchange marketForeign exchange reservesForeign investmentForeign judgmentsForeign tradeForfeiture of sharesForged transfer of sharesFortress EuropeForwardForward contractForward datingForward dealingsForward exchange marketForward exchange rateForward-looking behaviourFounders' sharesFourier analysisFourth scheduleFractional reserve bankingFranc fortFranchisesFrançois Quesnay (1694-1774)Frank Hyneman Knight (1885--1973)Franked investment incomeFraudFraudulent conveyanceFraudulent preferenceFraudulent tradingFree depreciationFree enterpriseFree entryFree exchange ratesFree exitFree lunchFree marketFree market economyFree tradeFree trade areaFree-trade agreementFree-trade zonesFreedom of entryFreehold landFrench companiesFrench gold francsFrequency distributionFrequency domain analysisFrequency tableFrictional unemploymentFriedrich von WieserFriendly SocietiesFringe benefitsFront-end chargeFrozen assetsFull cost pricingFull employmentFull employment Full employment national incomeFull information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimationFull-line forcingFully funded pensionFunctional income distributionFunctions of bank of EnglandFundamental analysisFundamental disequilibriumFundamental termsFundamental Theorems of Welfare EconomicsFundamentalsFunded debtFunded pension schemesFundingFunding operationsFuture goods, sale ofFuture valueFuturesFutures contractGains from tradeGalloping inflationGamma squeezeGamma stocksGaussian processGDP deflatorGearingGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (G.A.T.T.)General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)General Agreement to BorrowGeneral Anti-Avoidance Rule (GAAR)General average lossGeneral equilibriumGeneral governmentGeneral human capitalGeneral Lifestyle Survey (GLF)General linear hypothesisGeneral linear modelGeneral offerGeneral PartnerGeneralized least squares (GLS) estimatorGeneralized method of moments (GMM) estimatorGeneralized System of Preferences (GSP)George Henry (1839-97)German CompaniesGerman Economic and Monetary Union (GEMU)Giffen goodsGiffen paradoxGift chequesGift tax (U.S.)Gift tokenGilt-edged market-makersGilt-edged securitiesGlass-Steagal ActGlobal commonsGlobal Financial Stability ReportGlobal public goodGlobalizationGlutGold and foreign exchange reservesGold coinsGold exchange standardGold marketGold parityGold PoolGold standardGolden parachutesGolden ruleGoodhart’s lawGoodness of fit measuresGoodsGoods on approvalGoods on consignmentGoodwillGosplanGovernmentGovernment debtGovernment failureGovernment National Mortgage Association (GNMA)Government productionGovernment securitiesGovernment spending on real goods and servicesGovernment stocksGovernment transfer paymentsGradualismGradualist monetarismGraduated pensions schemeGramm-Rudman-HollingsGranny bondsGrant in aidGreat DepressionGreat Leap ForwardGreen currencyGreen GDPGreen issuesGreen paperGreen poundGreen revolutionGreen sleeves workerGreen taxesGresham’s lawGrossGross domestic capital formationGross domestic fixed capital formationGross domestic product (G.D.P.)Gross domestic product at factor costGross fixed investmentGross investmentGross marginGross national product (G.N.P.)Gross national product at factor costGross national product at market pricesGross national product deflatorGross profitGrossing upGroup accountsGroup of Eight (G8)Group of Seven (G7)Group of TenGrowth cyclesGrowth investingGrowth rateGrowth stocksGrowth theoryGuineaGunnar Karl Myrdal Half-commission manHallmarkHammeredHang Seng indexHappiness indexHarberger triangleHard budget constraintHard currencyHard EcuHard landingHard loanHard-core unemployedHardware walletHarmonizationHarold HotellingHarrod-Domar modelHarrod-neutral technical progressHausman testHawalaHawtrey, Sir Ralph George. (1879-1975)Hayek, Friedrich August vonHealth and Safety at Work Act (UK)Health economicsHealthcare stockHeavily indebted poor countriesHeckscher-Ohlin principleHedge fundHedgingHedonic pricingHerbert A. SimonHeteroscedasticityHicks, Sir John RichardHidden unemploymentHigh-powered moneyHire purchaseHire Purchase Act 1965 (UK)HistogramHistorical costHistorical cost accountingHistory and Causes of the 1929 Stock Market CrashHit-and-run entryHM Revenue and Customs (HMRC)HM Treasury (HMT)HoardingHold-upHolder for valueHolder in due courseHolding company, identity ofHolding outHome biasHomogeneous productsHong Kong Stock ExchangeHorizontal equityHostile bidHot moneyHotelling’s lawHouseholdHousehold decision-makingHousehold productionHuman Development Index (HDI)HyperinflationHypothecationHypothecation, letter ofHypothesisHysteresisIllegalIlliquidityImmediate annuityImmediate holding companyImmiserizing growthImmobile factorsImpact effectImperfect competitionImperfect marketImperial systemImpersonal accountsImplicit contractImplicit costImplied termsImplied volatilityImported inflationImportsImpossibility theoremImprestImpulse buyingImpure public goodImputation systemImputed charge for consumption of non-trading capitalImputed costImputed incomeImputed social contributionsIn pari delictoIn the bankIn-kind redistributionInactive moneyIncentive compatibilityIncentive contractInchoate instrumentIncidence of taxationIncomeIncome and expenditure accountIncome bondsIncome distributionIncome effectIncome elasticity of demandIncome expansion pathIncome from employmentIncome from operationsIncome from self-employmentIncome inequalityIncome maintenance programmeIncome methodIncome redistributionIncome supportIncome taxIncome tax allowancesIncome velocity of circulationIncomplete informationIncomplete marketsIncorporationIncrease in the book value of stocks and work in progressIncrease of capitalIncumbent firmIndemnityIndependent variableIndex numberIndex of Industrial ProductionIndex of membersIndex of Wages and Salaries, FinlandIndex-linkedIndex-linked policiesIndex-linked savings certificatesIndexationIndexation (funds)IndicatorIndifference analysisIndirect expensesIndirect investmentIndirect labourIndirect taxIndirect taxationIndividual Retirement Account (IRA)Individual Savings Account (ISA)Industrial actionIndustrial and Commercial Finance CompanyIndustrial bankIndustrial Bankers' AssociationIndustrial disputeIndustrial economicsIndustrial life assuranceIndustrial policyIndustrial relationsIndustrial sectorIndustrial stockIndustrializationIndustryIndustry demand for labourInefficiencyInelastic demandInelastic supplyInequalityInfant industry argumentInfant partnerInferior goodInflationInflation accountingInflation rateInflation-adjusted budget deficitInflationary gapInformation agreementInfrastructureInherent viceInheritance tax (UK)Initial public offering (IPO)Injections to the circular flow of incomeInjunctionInland billInlierInnocent entry barriersInput pricesInput taxInput-output analysisInscribed stockInside moneyInsider dealingsInsiders and outsidersInsolvencyInspector of TaxesInstitute of Accounting StaffInstitute of BankersInstitutional economicsInstitutional investorsInstitutional shareholderInsurable interestInsurance brokerInsurance companyInsurance premiumIntangible assetsIntellectual property rightsIntensive marginInter-American Development Bank (I.D.B.)Inter-bank marketInter-company loans marketInter-dealer brokersInter-industry tradeInterestInterest coverInterest equalization taxInterest on callsInterest on debtsInterest rateInterest-elasticity of the demand for moneyInterest-rate futuresInterest-rate swapsInterests in subsidiaries not consolidatedIntergenerational equityIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)Interim accountsInterim dividendInterim reportInterlocking directorateIntermediate productsInternal auditInternal balanceInternal controlInternal labour marketInternal marketInternal rate of returnInternal Revenue Service (IRS)Internalizing externalitiesInternational Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentInternational cartelInternational Commodities Clearing HouseInternational commodity agreementsInternational debtInternational Development AssociationInternational economicsInternational Energy AgencyInternational Finance CorporationInternational liquidityInternational Monetary FundInternational monetary systemInternational paymentsInternational tradeInternet of ThingsIntertemporal budget constraintIntertemporal substitutionInterventionIntervention in foreign exchange marketsIntra-European Payments AgreementIntra-industry tradeIntra-marginal intervention (in foreign exchange markets)IntrapreneurIntrinsic valueInverse correlationInverse elasticity ruleInvestingInvestment allowanceInvestment appraisalInvestment clubInvestment companyInvestment demand curveInvestment grantsInvestment in knowledgeInvestment in stocks and work in progressInvestment incentivesInvestment incomeInvestment income surchargeInvestment Management Regulatory Organization (IMRO)Investment poolsInvestment portfolioInvestment trustsInvestments: in company accountsInvisible tradeInvisiblesInvoiceInvoice discountingInvoluntary unemploymentInward investmentIrredeemable securityIrrevocable and confirmed creditIrrevocable documentary acceptance creditIS curveIS-LM modelIslamic bankingIso-cost linesIsocost curveIsoprofit curveIssueIssued capitalIssuing brokerIssuing houseIssuing Houses AssociationJ-curveJacques TurgotJean Charles Leonard Simonde de SismondiJean-Baptiste Say (1767-1832)Jenkins CommitteeJoan Violet Robinson (1903-1983)Job acceptance scheduleJob analysisJobber's turnJobberyJohn Law (1671–1729)John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946)Joint accountJoint costsJoint demandJoint holdersJoint probability distributionJoint productsJoint stock companyJoint tenureJoint ventureJoseph Alois Schumpeter (1883-1950)JournalJudgment debtJunk bondKaffirsKalman filterKennedy RoundKernelKernel regressionKeynes PlanKeynesian economicsKinked demand curveKite markKleptocracyKnock-for-knock agreementKnock-on effectKnowledge economyKnut WicksellKondratieff cycleKrugerrandKuznets curveKyoto ProtocolLabour economicsLabour Force SurveyLabour-augmenting technical progressLaffer curveLaissez-faireLame duckLandlordLands Improvement CompanyLarcenyLarge-cap stockLaspeyres indexLast in first out (L.I.F.O.)Latent variableLatin American crisisLatin American Free Trade Association (L.A.F.T.A.)Laurence KleinLausanne schoolLaw of diminishing returnsLaw of diminishing returnsLaw of large numbersLaw of one priceLayfield CommitteeLeading indicatorLeads and lagsLeakages from the circular flow of incomeLeaseLease-backLeasehold landLeasehold propertyLeast-developed countryLeast-squares growth rateLegal tenderLender of last resortLeontief paradoxLesseeLetter of attorneyLetter of creditLetter of indenmityLetter of licenceLetter of regretLetter of renunciationLetters patentLeverageLeveraged buy-outLiabilitiesLiberal trade policyLiberalizationLiberalized economiesLicenceLicence RajLicensed dealersLicensingLienLien on sharesLien on sharesLien, generalLife Assurance and Unit Trust Regulatory Organization (LAUTRO)Life cycleLimit pricingLimitation of actionsLimitedLimited dependent variableLimited liabilityLimited partnerLimited partnershipLindahl equilibriumLine managementLinear approximationLinear probability modelLinear programmingLinear regressionLinear relationshipLionel Robbins, Baron Robbins of Clare MarketLiquid assetsLiquid assetsLiquid ratioLiquidationLiquidatorLiquidator's accountsLiquidityLisbon Agreement (Treaty of Lisbon, Lisbon Treaty)LishuList priceListed companyListed securityLittle NeddiesLivery companiesLiving Costs and Food Survey (LCF)LM curvelndex number problemlnduced investmentlnflationlnventory analysislnventory investmentlnvestment bank (U.S.)lnvestment functionlnvestment opportunity curveLoanLoan capitalLoan portfolioLoan stockLoan-loss reserveLoanable fundsLoans to directorsLoans-to-deposit ratioLobbyingLocal governmentLocal public goodLocation theoryLock-outLocomotive principleLog-rollingLombard StreetLome ConventionLondon acceptance creditLondon bank export creditLondon Bankers' Clearing HouseLondon Commodity Exchange (L.C.E.)London GazetteLondon International Financial Futures Exchange (L.I.F.F.E.)London Metal Exchange (L.M.E.)London Money Market AssociationLondon Stock ExchangeLong positionLong rateLong term debt ratioLong-end of the marketLong-runLong-run Phillips curveLong-term capitalLong-term interest rateLong-term liabiltiesLong-term unemploymentLorenz curveLoss leadersLoss of reputationLost share certificatesLouvre AccordLucas critiqueLump of labour fallacyLump systemLump-sum taxMaastricht TreatyMacmillan GapMacroeconometricsMacroeconomic policyMacroeconomic trilemmaMacroeconomicsMadoff BernardMail order firmMainstream corporation taxMaintaining capital intactMajority shareholderMajority votingMajors and Minors Making a priceMaking up dayMaking up priceManaged currencyManaged floating exchange rateManaged tradeManagementManagement accountantManagement buy-outsManagement companyManagement consultantManagerial theories of the firmManaging directorMandateMandatory spending programmeManpower Services CommissionManufacturing industryMarginMargin requirementMargin tradingMarginal analysisMarginal benefitMarginal conditions for optimalityMarginal costMarginal cost of abatementMarginal cost pricingMarginal effectMarginal firmMarginal productMarginal product of labourMarginal productivity of labourMarginal productivity theory of wagesMarginal propensity to consume (M.P.C.)Marginal rate of substitutionMarginal revenueMarginal revenue productMarginal tax rateMarginal utilityMarginal utility of incomeMarginal utility of moneyMarginal utility of wealthMarginal utility, law of diminishingMarginal value productMarie-Esprit-Leon WalrasMark-to-marketMark-upMarketMarket accessMarket capitalizationMarket clearingMarket definitionMarket equilibriumMarket failureMarket follow through dayMarket forcesMarket leaderMarket overtMarket powerMarket pricesMarket riskMarket shareMarket structureMarket supplyMarket valueMarket value of sharesMarket-makerMarketable securitiesMarshal-Edgeworth price indexMarshall AidMarshall-Lerner criterionMartingaleMass productionMassaging statisticsMatchingMaterials stocksMathematical economicsMaturityMeade ReviewMeade, Sir James EdwardMeanMean deviationMean priceMean reversionMean-variance preferencesMeans testMeans-tested benefitsMedianMedicaidMedicareMedium-dated securityMedium-term capitalMedium-Term Financial Strategy (MTFS)Meeting, notice ofMember bankMembers of companiesMeme stockMemorandum of associationMemorandum of satisfactionMenu costs of inflationMercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR)MercantilismMerchandise accountMerchant BanksMerchantable qualityMergerMerit goodsMeta-analysisMetaverseMetric systemMetricsMicroeconometricsMicroeconomicsMid-cap stocksMid-market priceMiddle-manMigrants’ remittancesMigrationMillennium Development GoalsMillennium RoundMinimal stateMinimum efficient scaleMinimum lending rateMinimum subscriptionMinimum wageMinorities, minority interestMinority shareholdersMintMirriees ReviewMisaligned exchange rateMisery indexMisfeasance summonssMisrepresentationMisrepresentation Act 1967Misrepresentation of age by infantsMissing marketMitigationMitigation of damageMix of policiesMixed economyMixed strategyMOMobile walletMobility of labourModeModelModigliani-Miller theoremMomentum oscillatorsMonetarismMonetary base (base money)Monetary economicsMonetary overhangMonetary policyMonetary Policy Committee (MPC)Monetary ruleMonetary systemMonetary unionMoney at call and at short noticeMoney brokerMoney had and receivedMoney illusionMoney in circulationMoney launderingMoney marketMoney multiplierMoney supplyMoney, functions ofMoneylenderMonopolies Commission (UK)Monopolistic competitionMonopolyMonopsonyMonopsony powerMonte Carlo methodMontreal ProtocolMoratoriumMortgageMortgage interest relief at source (MIRAS)Mortgage-backed securityMost-favoured-nation clauseMotor Insurers' BureauMoving averageMoving average process MA(q), of order qMulti-Fibre Arrangement (MFA)Multi-plant firmMulti-product firmMulticollinearityMultilateral tradeMultilateralismMultinational corporationsMultiple correlationMultiple equilibriumMultiplier-accelerator modelMultivariate data analysisMutual companyMutual fundMutual life assurance companyMutualityN-firm concentration ratioNaked short-sellingNarrow moneyNarrow-band ERMNassau William Senior (1790-1864)National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (NASDAQ)National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)National debtNational Development BondsNational Economic CouncilNational Economic Development Council (N.E.D.C. or ‘Neddie’)National Freight CorporationNational Giro Bank (UK)National Health Service (NHS)National incomeNational income accountsNational Instition for Transforming IndiaNational Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR)National InsuranceNational Insurance contributions (NICs)National Insurance schemeNational productNational Research Development CorporationNational Rural Employment Guarantee ActNational SavingsNational Savings CertificatesNational Stock Exchange of IndiaNational treatmentNational wealthNationalizationNationalized industriesNatural assetsNatural experimentNatural growth rateNatural monopoliesNatural rate of interestNatural rate of interestNatural rate of unemploymentNatural rate of unemploymentNear moneyNegative equityNegative income taxNegative interest rateNegotiable instrumentNeo-classical economicsNeo-KeynesianismNeoclassical synthesisNetNet assetsNet book agreementNet book amountNet domestic productNet economic welfareNet exportsNet fixed assetsNet foreign assetsNet incomeNet investmentNet national productNet present valueNet priceNet profitNet transfer income from abroadNet wealthNet worthNet yieldNetworkNetwork externalityNeutral taxesNeutrality of moneyNew classical economicsNew DealNew Development BankNew economyNew International Economic OrderNew issue marketNew Keynesian economicsNew York Stock Exchange (NYSE)Newly industrialized countries (NICs)NFTNicholas KaldorNikkei indexNo arbitrageNo par value sharesNominal anchorNominal capitalNominal partnerNominal protectionNominal valueNominal value of sharesNominal variableNominal yieldNominee shareholdersNon-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU)Non-contributory pensionsNon-discriminationNon-governmental organization (NGO)Non-inflationary growthNon-labour incomeNon-marketable debtNon-marketed economic activitiesNon-parametric regressionNon-parametric statisticsNon-performing debtNon-price competitionNon-profit organizationNon-satiationNon-tariff barriersNon-taxable incomeNon-tradablesNon-uniqueness of equilibriumNon-voting shareNordic Investment BankNormal goodNormal obsolescenceNormal profitNormativeNormative economicsNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)North Sea oilNot negotiableNot to press (N.T.P.)Note circulationNotes to accountsNotice in lieu of distringasNotice of intended resolutionNoting and protestNumbered accountNumeraireNYSE EuronextObamacareObjective 1 regionObsolescenceOccupational pensions schemeOECDOff-balance-sheet financeOffer curveOffer for saleOffice for Budget Responsibility (OBR)Office for National Statistics (ONS)Office of Fair Trading (OFT)Office of Management and Budget (0MB)Officer of a companyOfficial Development Assistance (ODA)Official financingOfficial ReceiverOffshore fundOffshoringOil crisisOil embargoOkun's LawOld Lady of Threadneedle StreetOligopolyOligopsonyOmbudsmanOn costOn demandOn streamOnline walletOpaque policy measuresOpen chequeOpen creditOpen economyOpen general licenceOpen marketOpen market operationsOpen outcryOpen positionOpen pricingOpen-ended fundOpening pricesOperating cost (U.S.)Operating expensesOperating profit or lossOperating ratiosOperating statementOpportunismOpportunity costOptimal control theoryOptimal growth theoryOptimal taxationOptimism indexOptimizationOptimumOptimum currency areaOptimum tariffOption valueOptions contractOptions to purchase sharesOrder bookOrder-driven marketOrdinary resolutionOrdinary shareOrdinary sharesOrganisation for European Economic Co-operationOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (O.P.E.C.)Organized labourOrganized sectorOrigin principle of taxationOriginating bankOutcry marketOutputOutput effectOutput gapOutput methodOutput taxOutside brokersOutside moneyOutsourcingOver-capitalizedOver-full employmentOver-stimulationOver-the-counter market (O.T.C.)Overhead expensesOverheatingOverlapping generations economyOvernight loanOverriding commissionOverseas bankOverseas companiesOverseas investmentOvershootingOversubscribedOvertradingOwn rate of interestPaasche indexPackage of policiesPaid-up capitalPaid-up policiesPamm accountPanchayati RajPanel dataPaper moneyPaper profitPaper walletPar valueParadox of thriftParallel money marketsParameterPareto efficiencyPareto efficientPari passuPart paymentPartial adjustmentPartial correlationPartial equilibriumPartial equilibrium analysisPartial lossPartners, incoming and outgoingPartnershipPartnership at willPartnership, assignment of share inPatentPatent OfficePaternalismPath dependencePaul Anthony SamuelsonPay As You Earn (P.A.Y.E.) - UKPay freezePay slipPay-as-you-go pensionPay-back periodPayable to bearerPayable to orderPaying-in bookPayment for honour supra protestPayment in advancePayment in kindPayment on accountPayments unionPayrollPeace dividendPeakPeculationPecuniary externalityPegging the exchangesPenalty clausePendulum arbitrationPennyPenny stockPensionPer capita incomePer capita real GDPPer contraPercentilePerfect capital mobilityPerfect competitionPerfect foresightPerfect marketPerfect substitutePerformance bondPerformance-related payPeril pointPeriod billPeriod of gestationPeripheryPermanent incomePermanent income hypothesisPermanent Interest Bearing Shares (PIBS)Permission to dealPermit to pollutePerpetual bondPerpetual debenturesPerpetual inventoryPerpetual successionPerpetuityPerquisitesPersistencePersonal allowancePersonal income distributionPersonal loanPersonal sectorPersonal tax returnPeso crisisPeso problemPetro-currencyPetrodollarsPettiesPetty cashPhased retirementPhysical capitalPhysical controlsPhysiocratsPicketingPicking winnersPiece-workPigouvian taxPipPlacingsPlanned economyPlanned investmentPlanned savingsPlant hirePlant purchase schemePlant registersPlayerPlaza AccordPlough-backPoint elasticityPoints (change in index)Poison pill tacticsPolarizationPolicy coordinationPolicy instrumentPolitical and charitable contributionsPolitical business cyclePolitical economyPoll taxPollutionPonzi schemePooled least squaresPooling equilibriumPopulation trapPortable pensionsPortfolioPortfolio selectionPortfolio theoryPosition tradingPositional goodPositive economicsPosteriorPotential competitionPotential outputPovertyPoverty linePoverty Reduction and Growth FacilityPoverty trapPowerPower of a testPower of attorneyPre-emptionPre-emptive rights of purchase sharesPre-preferential debtsPre-tax profitsPrebisch thesisPrecautionary motivePredatory pricingPredetermined variablePredictorPreference revelationPreference sharesPreference sharesPreferential creditorPreferential Trade Area for East and Southern AfricaPreferred ordinary sharesPreliminary expensesPremiumPremium on a leasePremium savings bondsPrescriptive statementPresent discounted valuePresent valuePresidentPressure groupPrestige advertisingPricePrice controlPrice discriminationPrice effectPrice elasticityPrice elasticity of demandPrice fixingPrice indexPrice leaderPrice mechanismPrice reformPrice squeezePrice stabilityPrice stickinessPrice supportPrice systemPrice theoryPrice to book ratioPrice to earningsPrice variancePrice volatilityPrice warPrice-sensitive informationPrice-setterPrice-takerPrices and incomes policyPrimary dealerPrimary sectorPrime costsPrime ratePrincipalPrincipal components analysisPrincipal-agent problemPriorPrior chargesPrisoners’ dilemmaPrivate banksPrivate benefitPrivate companyPrivate costPrivate goodPrivate internal rate of returnPrivate net productPrivate networkPrivate propertyPrivate sectorPrivatizationPro rata freightProbabilityProbability distribution (of a random variable)Probit modelProcess innovationProcurementProducer goodsProducer's surplusProductProduct innovationProduct liabilityProduct proliferationProductionProduction externalityProduction functionProduction possibility frontier (PPF)Production possibility setProduction setProduction subsidyProductivityProductivity dealProductivity theories of interestProfessional and Executive RecruitmentProfessional bodyProfessional indemnity insuranceProfessional valuationProfit (Economic definition)Profit and loss accountProfit marginProfit maximizationProfit motiveProfit sharingProfit takingProfit warningProfit-related payProfits taxProgramme evaluation and review technique (P.E.R.T.)Programme, planning, budgeting system (P.P.B.S.)Progressive taxProhibitive tariffPromissory notePromoterPromotionProp tradingPropensity score matchingPropensity to importProperty incomeProportional taxProposed dividendsProprietary insurance companyProspect theoryProspectusProtectionProtectionismProvisionProvisional liquidatorProxyPrudential Regulation Authority (PRA)Public choicePublic companyPublic companyPublic corporationPublic economicsPublic enterprisePublic expenditurePublic financePublic goodsPublic interestPublic lending right (P.L.R.)Public liability insurancePublic networkPublic Private Partnership (PPP)Public procurementPublic relationsPublic sectorPublic sector borrowing requirement (P.S.B.R.)Public Sector Net Cash Requirement (PSNCR)Public trusteePublic utilitiesPublic worksPunishment strategyPurchase journalPurchase taxPurchaserPurchasing powerPurchasing power parity theoryPure floating exchange rate (clean floating exchange rate)Pyramid sellingQualification of accountsQualification sharesQualified acceptanceQualified reportQualitative dataQuality controlQuality ladderQuality of bills of exchangeQuality standardsQuality-adjusted life years (QALYs)QuantileQuantile regressionQuantitative easingQuantitative easingQuantity demandedQuantity discountQuantity equationQuantity of moneyQuantity surveyorQuantity theory of moneyQuantity varianceQuantum meruitQuarterly dataQuasi-contractsQuasi-fixed factorsQuasi-loanQuasi-rentQuick assetsQuick ratioQuitsQuorumQuota (IMF)Quota sampleQuotasQuotationQuote-driven marketQuoted investmentsQuoted priceRadcliffe ReportRamsey pricingRamsey regression equation specification error test (RESET)Ramsey ruleRandom effectsRandom errorRandom eventRandom sampleRandom variableRandom walkRangeRank dependent expected utility theoryRatchet effectRate of exchangeRate of returnRate of return regulationRate of technical subtitutionRate support grantRatesRatification of agent’s contractsRational expectationsRational ignoranceRationalityRationalizationRationingRaúl D. PrebischRaw materialsRawlsian social welfare functionReaction curveReaganomicsReal balancesReal business cycle (RBC)Real costsReal exchange rateReal GDPReal GNPReal interest rateReal national incomeReal option theoryReal propertyReal termsReal valueReal variableReal wagesRealignment of exchange ratesRealization accountRebateRecapitalizationReceiptReceivershipReceiving orderRecessionReciprocityRecommended retail priceRecourse agreementRecourse loanRecoveryRectification of the registerRecursive modelRecyclingRed BookRed Hat enterpriseRedeemable preference sharesRedeemable securitiesRedemption dateRedemption valueRedemption yieldRedeploymentRediscountRedistributive taxRedliningReduced formReducing balanceRedundancyRefinance creditsReflationRefusal to supplyRegional aidRegional Economic Planning Councils (UK)Regional employment premiumRegional policyRegional trade agreements (RTAs)Register of chargesRegister of companies (UK)Register of debenturesRegister of directorsRegister of directors’ shareholdingsRegistered officeRegistered stockRegistered unemployedRegression analysisRegression discontinuity designRegression kink designRegressive taxRegret theoryRegulated companiesRegulationRegulatory agencyRegulatory capitalRegulatory captureReinsuranceReinvestingRejection ruleRelationship bankingRelationship investorRelative income hypothesisRelative priceRelative standard errorRelative Strength Index (RSI)RenegingRenewable energyRenewable resourcesRent-seekingRentierRepayment of income taxRepeated gameReplacement costReplacement investmentReplacement ratioRepresentative firmRepressed inflationRepudiationRepudiation of debtReputational policyReputed ownerRequired rate of returnRescheduling debtsRescissionResearch and development (R&D)Reservation priceReservation utilityReservation wageReserve asset ratioReserve capitalReserve currencyReserve for bad debtsReserve for obsolescenceReserve ratioReserve requirementsReserve tranche (IMF)ReservesResidualResidual unemploymentResilienceResistance level Resource allocationResourcesRestitutionRestraint of trade in contractsRestricted least squares estimatorRestrictive endorsementRestrictive practicesRestrictive trade practicesRetail bankingRetail investorRetail price indexRetail stockRetail tradeRetained profitsRetaliationRetention moneyRetiring a billRetractable bond (putable bond, put bond)Return on assetsReturn on capitalReturn on equityReturns to scaleRevaluation of assetsRevaluation reserveRevealed preferenceRevenueRevenue accountRevenue reservesReverse mortgageReverse take-overRevocable creditRevolving loanRicardian equivalenceRicardo effectRidge regressionRigging the marketRight-hand-side variableRights issueRing tradingRiskRisk aversionRisk avoidanceRisk bearingRisk capitalRisk managementRisk poolingRisk premiumRisk reductionRisk retentionRisk sharingRisk takingRisk weighted assetsRisk-adjusted return on capital (RAROC)Risk-free assetRisk-free interest rateRisk-lovingRisk-neutralRobustness of policiesRoll-over of loansRoll-over reliefRoot mean squared error (RMSE)Rotation of directorsRounding errorRoyal CommissionRoyal Economic SocietyRoyaltiesRPIXRule in Foss v. HarbottleRule in Royal British Bank v. TurquandRule of 72Rules of originRules of the gameRules-based policyRunning brokerRunning yieldRybczynski theoremSacrifice ratioSaddle pointSafe custodySalarySaleSale and lease-backSale of goodsSales accountSales agentSales journalSample selectivity biasSamuelson ruleSatisficingSaturation pointSaucer with handle baseSavingSaving ratioSavings and loan association (S&L)Savings functionScalpingScarcityScatter diagramScenarioScore functionScrip issueSearchSearch unemploymentSeasonal unemploymentSeasonal variationsSecond viaSecond-bestSecond-degree price discriminationSecond-order approximationSecondary marketSecret profitsSecret reservesSectorSecular trendSecured creditorSecured loanSecuritiesSecurities and Exchange CommissionSecurities and Investments BoardSecuritizationSecuritySecurity market lineSegmented marketSeigniorageSelf correcting systemSelf-assessment Self-balancing ledgerSelf-employedSelf-financingSelf-liquidatingSelf-regulationSelf-regulatory organizations Seller concentrationSellers overSellers’ marketSelling costsSelling outSelling priceSelling shortSemi-variable costsSensitive sectorsSensitivity analysisSeparable utility functionSeparating equilibriumSeparation of ownership from controlService flowsService industryService lifeServicesSet-asideSet-offSettlementSettlement riskSeverable contractsSeverance payShadow bankShadow directorShadow priceShake-outShanghai Stock ExchangeShapley valueShardingShareShare buybacksShare capitalShare certificateShare hawkingShare indexShare premiumShare price indexShare pushingShare registerShare risk responseShare transferShare warrantSharecropperShareholderShareholders equityShares (UK)Shares held by subsidiariesShares in trustShares issued at a discountShares: variation of rightsShark repellentShell companySheltered monopolyShenzhen Stock ExchangeShockShoe-leather costs of inflationShogun bondShort billShort interestShort positionShort sellingShort squeezeShort-runShort-term capitalShort-term depositsShort-term interest ratesShort-termismShort-time workingShortageShortsShunterShut-down priceShuttle tradeSide-paymentSight draftSignallingSignificance level (size) (of a test)Significance testSilicon ValleySimon KuznetsSimple interestSimple random sampleSimulationSimultaneous equations model (SEM)Single currencySingle European ActSingle marketSingle-peaked preferencesSinking fundSir William Arthur LewisSir William Petty (1623-87)Size distribution of firmsSkewnessSkilled workSleeping partnerSlumpSlutsky equationSmall and medium enterprises (SME)Small businessSmall cap stocksSmall claims in the county courtSmall companies, accounts ofSmall firms: loan guarantee schemeSmart contractSmithsonian AgreementSmoot-Hawley Tariff ActSnake in the tunnelSocial accountingSocial capitalSocial chargesSocial costSocial interactionSocial internal rate of returnSocial market economySocial net productSocial opportunity costSocial purpose companySocial Security ActSocial security benefitsSocial security contributionsSocial servicesSocial time preferenceSocial welfareSocial welfare functionSocialismSociete Anonyme (S.A.)Société Responsabilité Limits (S.R.L.)Soft budget constraintSoft currencySoft landingSoft loanSole traderSolow growth modelSolow residualSoniaSound moneySource and disposition of fundsSources of capitalSovereign debtSPACSpare capacitySpatial dataSpatial price discriminationSpearman rank correlation coefficientSpecial buyerSpecial depositsSpecial drawing rights (S.D.R.s)Special Liquidity SchemeSpecial managerSpecial resolutionSpecialty debtSpecie pointsSpecific taxSpecific taxSpecification errorSpeculationSpeculative motiveSpeculatorSpilloverSpot marketSpot transactionsSpreadSpread bettingSt Petersburg paradoxStability analysisStability conditionsStabilization policyStackelberg duopolyStagStages of economic growthStages of economic growthStagflationStagnationStakeholderStale chequeStamp dutyStandard and Poor’s (S&P)Standard costingStandard deviationStandard errorStandard industrial classificationStandard of livingStandard variable rateStandardized commodityStanding orderStaple productState planning, or central planningState-owned companyStatement of accountStatement of affairsStatement of changes in equityStates of the worldStatic equilibriumStatistical inferenceStatisticsStatus inquiryStatute-barred debtStatutes of limitationsStatutory booksStatutory companiesStatutory monopolyStay of proceedingsSteady stateSterilizationSterlingSterling Transferable Accruing Government Securities (S.T.A.G.S.)Sticky pricesSticky wagesStipendStochasticStockStock appreciationStock brokerStock controlStock dividendStock ExchangeStock Exchange Automated Quotation System (S.E.A.Q.)Stock Exchange CouncilStock exchange listingStock marketStock optionStock reliefStock splitStock turnoverStock valuationStock-in-tradeStockbrokerStockbroker, default ofStockistStockjobberStockpileStolper-Samuelson theoremStop orderStop-goStore of valueStraight line methodStrategic behaviorStrategic entry deterrenceStrategic interactionStrategic trade policyStrategic trade retaliationStrategic votingStrategyStratified sampleStrengthening of a currencyStrikeStripped bondStrongly stationary processStructural breakStructural equationStructural FundsStructural transformationStructural unemploymentStructured investment vehicle (SIV)Student’s t-distributionStylized factsSubgameSubgame perfect equilibriumSubscriberSubsidiaritySubsidiary companySubsidySubsistence levelSubstantial shareholdingsSubstitutionSubstitution effectSubvention paymentsSucreSunk costsSunspot theorySupply curveSupply servicesSupply-side policySupport levelSurrender of sharesSurvey dataSurvey of Current BusinessSustainabilitySwapSwing tradingSymmetrical distributionSyndicateSystematic riskSystemic riskT-testTable A Tableau ÉconomiqueTacit collusionTake-overTake-over bidTake-over panelTakers-inTalismanTalk downTalonTangency optimumTangible assetsTap issueTap stockTarget priceTarget zone (exchange rates)Tatonnement processTax allowanceTax and price indexTax avoidanceTax baseTax burdenTax deposit certificateTax evasionTax Exempt Special Savings Account (TESSA)Tax expenditureTax gapTax havenTax holidayTax impactTax incidenceTax loss Tax planning Tax pointTax Reform Act (US)Tax refundTax reliefTax schedule Tax shelterTax shiftingTax thresholdTax wedgeTax yieldTax-based incomes policyTaxationTaxation of woodlandsTaylor contractTaylor ruleTea auctionsTech bubbleTechnical analysisTechnical barriers to tradeTechnical efficiencyTechnical indicatorsTechnologyTechnology gapTechnology stockTechnology transferTelecom stockTellerTemporary Assistance to Needy FamiliesTemporary equilibriumTemporary exportsTenderTender for billsTennessee Valley Authority (TVA)TenorTerm Asset-Backed Loan FacilityTerm loanTerm premiumTerm structure of interest ratesTerminal lossTerminal marketTerminal Market AssociationsTerms of tradeTest discount rateThatcherismThe British Exporters AssociationThe TreasuryTheodore W. SchultzTheories of valueTheory Of DistributionTheory of productionTheory of second bestTheory of the firmThin marketThird class paperThird WayThird WorldThird-degree price discriminationThreshold agreementThreshold priceThriftThriftsTickTicket dayTiebout hypothesisTied aidTied loanTight fiscal policyTight monetary policyTime bargainTime depositTime discountingTime horizonTime lagsTime preferenceTime preference theory of interestTime-inconsistencyTimes coveredTipTitheTjalling C. KoopmansTobin taxTobin's QTodaro modelToken coinsTokenised stocksTokenized stocksTokyo RoundTommy shopsTotal assetsTotal debt ratioTotal domestic expenditureTotal final expenditureTotal liabilitiesTotal liabilities & equityTownship and Village EnterpriseToxic assetToxic debtTradable emission permitTradablesTradeTrade associationTrade barrierTrade billTrade creationTrade creditTrade creditorTrade cycleTrade deficitTrade Descriptions ActTrade discountTrade investmentsTrade liberalizationTrade not aidTrade priceTrade sanctionsTrade talksTrade unionTrade warTrade-offTrade-weighted index numberTrademarkTrades Union Congress (TUC)Trading accountTrading account minimumTrading chartsTrading currencyTrading gapsTrading patternsTrading stampsTrading volumeTragedy of the commonsTrancheTrans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)Transaction cost economicsTransaction costsTransactions demand for moneyTransactions motiveTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)Transfer costsTransfer deedTransfer earningsTransfer paymentsTransfer pricesTransformation curveTransitional economyTransitional unemploymentTransitory incomeTransivityTransmission of sharesTransparent policy measuresTransplantTransport costsTraveller's chequesTreasure troveTreasury billTreasury deposit receiptTreasury notesTreaty of RomeTrendTrend-cycle decompositionTreuhandanstaldtTrial balanceTrial of the PyxTriangle of lossTrickle-down theoryTrigger priceTroubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)TroughTroy weightsTrue and fairTrustTrusteeTrustee investmentsTrustee Savings BankTurnkey projectTurnoverTurnover taxTurnpike theoremsTwo-gap modelTwo-sector endogenous growth modelTwo-tier boardTycoonU-shaped average cost curveUK Data ServiceUltra viresUnabsorbed costUnappropriated profitsUnbiased expectations hypothesisUnbundlingUncalled capitalUncertaintyUnconditional grantUncovered interest parityUndated stocksUnder-capitalizedUnder-subscriptionUnderemploymentUnderlying rate of inflationUndervalued currencyUnderwriterUnderwritingUnearned incomeUnemploymentUnemployment benefitUnemployment rateUnexpected inflationUnfair competitionUnfunded debtUnfunded pension schemeUnified tax systemUniform business rateUnincorporated CompanyUnion/non-union wage differentialUnionizedUnique equilibriumUnit elasticityUnit of accountUnit taxUnit trustUnit-free measureUnitary taxationUnited Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)United Nations Statistics DivisionUniversal benefitUniversal creditUnlimited companiesUnlimited liabilityUnlisted securities marketUnloadUnpaid labourUnquoted investmentsUnrequited exportsUnsecured creditorsUnsecured loanUnsecured loan stockUnskilled workUntied aidUnwindUpset priceUrban economicsUruguay roundUS deficitUS Trade RepresentativeUsanceUser costUsufructUsuryUsury lawsUtilities stocksUtilityUtility possibility frontierValueValue addedValue added tax (VAT)Value at riskValue in useValue indexValue investingValue of the physical increase in stocks and work in progressValue stockValue-subtracting industryValuerVariableVariable costsVarianceVAT registrationVAT returnVelocity of circulationVendorVertical equityVertical integrationVertical mergerVested interestVisible balanceVisible imports and exportsVolatilityVoluntary exchangeVoluntary export restraintVoting rightsVoting shareWage differentialWage driftWage freezeWage fund theoryWage resistanceWage restraintWage rigidityWage roundWage-price spiralWages and salariesWages councilWagner's LawWaitersWall StreetWalras's lawWalt Whitman RostowWashington AgreementWashington ConsensusWassily W. Leontief Wasting assetsWatering stockWays and means advancesWeakening of a currencyWealthWealth effectWealth taxWear and tearWelfareWelfare criterionWelfare economicsWelfare stateWhite knightWhite paperWholesale bankingWholesale Price IndexWholesale pricesWicksell EffectWidgetWildcat strikeWillingness to payWilson CommitteeWindfall profitWinding upWindow dressingWinner's curseWirtschaftswunderWith-profits life insuranceWithholding taxWork in progressWork studyWorker cooperativeWorker participationWorkfareWorking capitalWorking tax creditWorld Development IndicatorsWorld Trade Organization (WTO)Write-downWrite-offWritten down valueYankeesYieldYield gapYield spreadZaibatsuZero coupon bondZero growthZero interest rateZero-base budgetingZero-knowledge proofsZero-ratedZero-rated (VAT)Zero-sum game
Sources & references
Our editors fact-check all content to ensure compliance with our strict editorial policy. The information in this article is supported by the following reliable sources.
Risk disclaimer
Invezz is a place where people can find reliable, unbiased information about finance, trading, and investing – but we do not offer financial advice and users should always carry out their own research. The assets covered on this website, including stocks, cryptocurrencies, and commodities can be highly volatile and new investors often lose money. Success in the financial markets is not guaranteed, and users should never invest more than they can afford to lose. You should consider your own personal circumstances and take the time to explore all your options before making any investment. Read our risk disclaimer >
